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The review synthesises findings from 34 studies, highlighting key barriers to support uptake. Workplace stigma, particularly a culture that values resilience and self-reliance, often deters individuals from acknowledging their struggles. This issue is further reinforced by machismo within the profession, where toughness and emotional suppression are seen as markers of competence. Organisational efforts to provide mental health resources can also be perceived as performative rather than genuinely beneficial, reducing staff trust in such initiatives. Additionally, generic support programmes may fail to meet the specific needs of ambulance personnel, contributing to low engagement.
Despite these challenges, the review identifies effective enablers that encourage EMS workers to seek help. Tailoring mental health initiatives to the unique pressures of emergency response roles increases their relevance and uptake. Education and training programmes that normalise discussions around mental wellbeing help dismantle stigma and challenge outdated attitudes about masculinity and vulnerability. Crucially, allowing ambulance staff dedicated time during work hours to access support could improve engagement, demonstrating the importance of embedding mental health initiatives into operational structures.
Read the full story on the Department of Experimental Psychology website.