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In one study, primary care researchers at Oxford and Cardiff will test whether a probiotic supplement can reduce the number of infections in care home residents, in a bid to cut antibiotic use in this high-risk group. In another, a team will review how best to improve the prescribing of antibiotics. Both studies are being run by researchers at the Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences and have received funding from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the research arm of the NHS.